Respectable Citizens: Gender, Family and Unemployment

Respectable Citizens: Gender, Family and Unemployment in Ontario’s Great Depression By Lara Campbell – A Review Lara Campbell’s, professor of history at Simon Frasier University, book Respectable Citizens: Gender, Family and Unemployment in Ontario’s Great Depression (published in 2009) provides a thoroughly researched look at an often looked over topic in regards to the Great Depression; gender. Her beginning introductory chapter sets the focus of this book and she takes time to consider the strengths and weaknesses of her thoroughly used sources.This overview of the book provides the reader with a well formatted look into her topics of discussion; namely the aspects of the welfare state, labour, and gender identity and understanding. Campbell divides her book into five primary chapters; each of which discuss a variety of issues and themes supplemented thoroughly with examples of accounts. Chapter one demonstrates the vital role which women, particularly as mothers, played within the home in order to ensure economic survival. Additionally, this chapter discusses the influence and importance of society’s view of just what a â€Å"good wife/mother† was including class differences.Survival through domestic work (e. g. nutrition, clothing, keeping house, budgeting) and informal labour (e. g. taking in laundry, sewing, prostitution, taking boarders) served as staples for women and mothers alike during this era. Campbell also discusses and provides insights on the matters of single motherhood, employed married women – who were largely subject to public ire for taking the jobs of men especially if their husband also had a job– and women deserting their families. This chapter, much like the second focuses on the roles, duties and expectations placed upon women and men in regards to their families.Chapter two continues on such topic with its focus being on men. This particular chapter demonstrates the stresses pla ced upon the family as men — the quinticental â€Å"bread-winners† — were increasingly unable to fill their role and were forced to endure searches for work and resulted in demands of social entitlement. Campbell spends particular attention to the humiliation of men in accepting relief money and as well as the concept of being unable to provide and fill their role as husbands and fathers leading to suicide.Chapter three canvases the contributions and involvements of the youth with their families through, primarily, informal and formal labour along with theft and black market dealings. It can be seen in this chapter the weighting of school against economic need; many for going schooling due to lack of clothing, supplies and duty to the family. As the chapter progresses Campbell demonstrates the requirements placed upon the sons and daughters even as they reached adulthood and the conflicts it generated between parent and child through the various acts employed by the state (e. . Parents Maintenance Act). The subject of illegitimate children and abortions is also discussed as Campbell portrays the effect the Depression had upon marriage rates. Chapters four and five, much like chapters one and two, share similarities in their subject matter; both chapters discuss protect, state policy and provision at length. In chapter four Campbell focuses on the stresses and their effects on both men and women in the home, including domestic abuse, and towards the state (e. g. eviction protests, meetings and political mobilization).Chapter five builds on the themes of protests toward the state and the variables of such things as gender (largely traditional in nature), ethnicity and class that shaped such matters like child welfare and rightful claims. By large Campbell explores the identity of Canadians during the Great Depression through gender and family. She depicts and discusses the traditional notions of the â€Å"Bread-Winner† husband and the â€Å"Good† wife and mother; both characters that provide and sustain the families in vital ways and the reflection the trials of the era presented such â€Å"Respectable Citizens† with.The main method of asserting these notions being through her extensive use of accounts from government documents, court records, newspapers, memoirs, plays, and interviews with women and men who lived in Ontario during the 1930s. Campbell’s focus on the hardships faced during the economic crisis allows for one to neatly achieve insight into the gendered dynamics that took place within the families of Ontario’s lives. She draws less so on the notion of Canadian â€Å"Britishness† but more so on how such a foundation influenced the actions of the people in what was to be perceived as the fundamental aspects of the man and women of the house.Campbell’s focus on the family-sphere demonstrates not only aspects of class structure and gender norms but the stateâ₠¬â„¢s view on them. She reports that often mothers were the unsung heads of house that not only fed, cleaned, clothed and nurtured but took stock of every item and ensured that every penny eared or received was used to its full capacity (this aspect being the chief discussion topic in chapter one). Additionally, she presents the societal view of class standards of women as the consumers of society.Poor or low class women often lectured on the supposed simplicities of keeping house and, perhaps famously, â€Å"making do†, while the middle to high class women were reportedly encouraged to spend what money was available to them for the purpose of keeping the Canadian market going as opposed to their counterparts who praised for â€Å"making a dollar do the work of five† (as praised by the father of Mary Cleevson about his wife on page 26 of Campbell’s book). Campbell also goes into detail of the effectiveness of the various acts put in place during the 1930s to sup plement earnings and the survivability of a family.These entitlements, while for a number of men were seen as humiliating to receive as it was a show against their ability to provide , served to identify that which adult (primarily parents) were entitled too by virtue of some nature of service. The Parent’s Maintenance Act is a good example of this; a parent or set of parents were able to call upon the court and demand payment due to them from their adult children under the basis that their sons and daughters owed a debt to them simply for being their parents.There were of course, as Campbell does not fail to provide examples for, cases in which the adult children were unable to pay due to personal circumstance or out of refusal by way of seeing their parent (particular the father) as lazy—such as the mentioned case of 52 year old Harry Bartram in June of 1937 who was denied by one of his three sons the five dollar weekly payment under such a claim (as seen on page 98 of Respectable Citizens). Finally, Campbell’s demonstrates the somewhat charming penchant Canadians appear to have for complaining.Within the chapters of Respectable Citizens one is shown various instances in which wives and mothers of all sorts take the community’s moral fiber into their own hands through acts such as calling the police on those suspected of prostitution, theft and selling on the black market and sending letters to the Primers of Ontario of the time George Henry (1930-34) and Mitchell Hepburn (1934-42) of the hardships that must face. It is this activism that becomes a part of the identity that builds into eviction protests, meetings and committees and political mobilization.Lara Campbell’s book contributes to the understanding of Canadian history and identity of the affectionately named â€Å"Dirty Thirties† by taking the opportunity to look past the issues of hunger and job loss alone and onto the people more specifically. While she do es take time to emphasize the job loss and economic crisis of the decade, she applies those factors in making an effort to comprehend society’s reaction and how that reaction reflects upon gender roles and family.This analysis clearly reveals aspects of the Canadian welfare state through well-developed topics and examples, providing a comfortable read for any who should chose to read this book. The discussion of state policy, relief efforts, labour and social movements as well as they altered family dynamic of the era allows for a clear understanding on a human level. Bibliography Campbell, Lara. Respectable Citzens: Gender, Family and Unemployment in Ontario’s Great Depression. (University of Toronto Press: 2009).

Case Study (Too Much of a Good Thing)

Benjamin Foster Physiology 10/23/2012 Case Study 1 (Too much of a good thing)) The definition of OSMOSIS is the movement of a solvent through a membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. The solvent from the side of weaker concentration usually moves to the side of the stronger concentration, diluting it, until the concentrations of the solutions are equal on both sides of the membrane. Michael made numerous mistakes in this story that caused the corn fields to die. The first mistake Michael made was to add the additional fertilizer to the crops.The extra fertilizer around the roots of the corn produced a hypertonic environment. The cells lost water because of the excessive fertilizer. The extra fertilizer caused the cell to turn hypertonic to the plant cell. This made the water diffuse from the plant cells into the soil by the process of OSMOSIS and the cells began to get smaller. The water would have eventually left the cells completely, which would have caused the plant cell to eventually die. Michael’s second mistake is that he didn’t remove the extra fertilizer.In theory, if he would have removed the extra fertilizer and add extra water, he could have possibly saved the crops. People generally water their plants with only water which creates a isotonic environment around the roots of the plants and permits the plant roots to draw up minerals through the soil faster and easier for absorption without the intrusion of added solutes (extra fertilizer) which may slow the absorption process or even refrain the cells from absorbing the water and minerals through the roots.

Chanel's history, what was going on in the world at the time and etc Essay

Chanel's history, what was going on in the world at the time and etc - Essay Example This historic event in high fashion, transpired in Deauville, France. The French ladies readily accepted her functional and fashionable sportswear, menswear trousers for females, swimming costumes and Breton tops. Coco Chanel’s genius was disclosed in the fact that a single novel development of hers had delivered the ladies of that era from the uncomfortable and awkward apparel of the belle à ©poque era (Higgins, 2013, p. 135). As such, the phenomenon of trendsetting began with Coco Chanel. She was a pioneer in modernising fashion. Some instances of her innovations are; introduction of beaded dresses in the 1920s, the controversial little black dress, and the two or three piece suit. The latter constitutes a signature Chanel look, even in the present era. Coco Chanel introduced her signature perfume Chanel No. 5, by 1921. This perfume has achieved the distinction of being one of the best-selling perfumes in the world (New York Media LLC, 2013). In the 1950s, Coco Chanel returned to Paris. At that juncture, Christian Dior had acquired the position of the premiere couturier of Paris. This was not to the liking of Coco Chanel, who launched a chain-link belt designed and produced by her. In addition, she designed, manufactured and sold quilted leather bags. This reinstated her as the exemplar of glamour (New York Media LLC, 2013). In 1971, Coco Chanel breathed her last. However, her legacy continued and progressed from strength to strength. Thus, in 1978, Chanel launched the first ready-to-wear collection. By that time, Chanel had become synonymous with luxury. All the same, this beauty house found it difficult to preserve its reputation for opulence. This was due to the absence of a lead designer in the company. However, in the year 1983, Karl Lagerfeld became a member of Chanel (New York Media LLC, 2013). He was instrumental in reviving its elitist status. As such, from its humble

Sexual promiscuity of female adolescents Research Paper

Sexual promiscuity of female adolescents - Research Paper Example Generally women who indulge in promiscuous sexual relationship are tagged as sluts and are degraded in decent societies. However in African American women, the tendency to involve in casual sex is higher as they have less education about healthy sexual practice and safe sex. From the traditional point, promiscuous sex was regarded as an evil and the women of such character were regarded as fallen woman. Now the structure of the society and view of sex in society has changed drastically. People take sex more causally and get involved in relationship without any moral and ethical basis. The sexual promiscuity in female adolescents is a delicate issue as the casual sex behavior of females is depended on many factors. These factors are the social situation of the female, their educational qualification, living standard and sexual instincts. Moreover, this casual sex behavior is also provoked by substance usage and alcohol consumption. It is a known fact that drugs and alcohol mostly induce the tendency to have sex among female and male equally well. It is not an easy task to eradicate this social evil of sexual promiscuity in African Female adults. The root cause of this behavior is not educating these females in the right direction. Many a times, teenage African American girls do not understand the negative consequences of sex before attaining maturity. With the wrong family background and the lack of education, these African females and males involve in sex and become victims of mental and physical disorder in the future. It is mostly the sexual promiscuity of female African women and male which leads to the rising of STDs and HIV at early stages of their life. Moreover, it is also common to find that sexually promiscuous female adolescents are caught up with depression and other emotional disorders at early stages of their life. For instance, the sexually promiscuous adolescents are those girls who led a care free sexual life during

Morrisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morrisons - Essay Example It also plans to train more than 12,000 people butchery and bakery skills as well as customer service are well behind that of Asda’s which intends to train 5,000 people (Berman, 2010). The company’s vision is to make its way to the â€Å"Big Three†, attain a higher market share than its three main rivals; 16.4pc at third-placed J Sainsbury, 16.9pc at Asda and 30.5pc at Tesco (Lancaster & Massingham, 2011). As far as the strengths are concerned, the retailer owns 89% of its store portfolio (Datamonitor, 2011). Hence, there is little threat of takeover and greater security to investors in terms of security. Secondly, the value of Morrison’s property, plant and equipment assets is around  £7.5bn, higher than its current market capitalization (Datamonitor, 2011) . Its debt to equity ratio is mere 19% which is lowest in the industry (Datamonitor, 2011). Its profits before taxes are up by 45 per cent to  £449 million indicating positive growth (Datamonitor, 2011). Morrisons enjoys an enhanced/ up-market image of a more sophisticated store frequented by celebrities such as Lulu and Alan Hansen. The company was bestowed with ‘Retailer of the year’ award in 2008 which earned the company high goodwill (Datamonitor, 2011). As far as the weaknesses are concerned, Morrison’s does not have an internet home shopping business unlike its three larger rivals Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys (Boddy, 2005). This could put the company on the backburner as e-commerce is an ever-growing business as it gives greater convenience to customers along with a potential to tap international markets. Secondly, it does not have a loyalty card scheme such as Club card which Tesco has uses to track consumer trends and offer lapsing customers discounts (Thompson & Martin, 2010). Third, unlike Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys, Morrison’s does not have a meaningful non-food offer (Thompson & Martin, 2010). The company is

EBay expands around the globe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EBay expands around the globe - Essay Example This growth has mainly come in the past 8 years. While expanding globally, eBay has exercised a variety and combination of options that it had available in the first place (Thompson, 2003). The following section discusses various options for businesses while expanding. For moving in the international markets, a business has a number of options that can be considered. The consideration is based on various analyses of cost versus benefit being the major highlight (Davis, 2000). Some of the main options that a business may consider while going international are: Franchising is when a foreign business (parent company) deals with a local business to be their representative in the local markets, with the parent company's name, rules, policies and procedures being followed. The local company operates under the name of the parent company, precisely as per their inherent instructions, and earns the parent company earns the royalty from this set up (Shull, 2000). Examples of such an arrangement are often witnessed in the fast food chain set up or even in gas stations. Mergers occur when two or more businesses decide on merging their set of services to compete in a much enhanced form in the industry. In such a form, the businesses unite and the separate existence and identity seizes (Price, 2003). Glaxo Smith Klime (GSK) is the most renowned merger of recent times, with Sony Ericsson being another one. Acquisitions takes place when one firm is taken over by another and the acquiree seizes to exist as the acquirer takes over the operations and assets under its own books. In such a scenario, the acquirer yields various advantages. The extent of the advantages increases further when the acquirer is a foreign entity, acquiring a local entity to enter into the local markets (Carr, 2004). For example, as Royal Bank of (Scotland RBS) took over ABN AMRO, it instantaneously got access to the countries where it had no existence earlier. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) takes place when a business having no existence in a certain region or country decides to enter into the local market for purpose of expanding its operations and taking advantage of an existing opportunity. For the industry in which eBay operates, the two most viable options for expanding are either acquisition or FDI. However, on majority of the occasions, eBay has seemed to preferred acquisition over FDI. The following section discusses the pros and cons of this selection and preference in detail. eBay's Policy: Acquisition Vs FDI eBay while expanding globally has chosen the option of acquisition rather than any other mode of expanding. There have been several critiques on the issue because with the likes of funding available at eBay, the firm could have easily gone in with any mode of expansion. The aim of essay is to critically analyze the pros and cons of acquisition vs. FDI. Following are the main advantages for eBay to choose acquisition over FDI as its preferred strategy to enter into the markets (David, 2002): 1) Existing Infrastructure: The major advantage of

Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Measurement - Essay Example neers observe measurements, why measurements are much needed in the world, the role of measurements in quality control, and different type of measurements techniques used in engineering will be discussed. The term â€Å"measurement† is derived from the Greek word metron which means limited proportion. The first measurement systems were astronomical objects. Babylonians and Egyptians are believed to have invented use of measurement. However, they mainly used comparisons to measure things. For example, they would compare capacity of containers by filling the smaller container and emptying it into the bigger one to measure the volumes (Manseau & Shields, 2005). However, Gabriel Mouton, who was an astronomer, invented the metric system. He also suggested the swing length of pendulum, which is used as a unit of measuring length. In engineering and construction, there are different metric systems depending on what is being measured. For example, construction materials that are in liquid form are measured using measures such as gallons and liters. In case of length, units such as inches, meters, and feet are used depending on the size being measured. While measuring mass, unit such as pounds, kilograms, and grams are applied (Manseau & Shields, 2005). Although scientists make use of standardized metric units, there are two different types of metric systems. The type of metric system being used depends on the application. When measuring small units of length or mass, engineers make use of the CGS (centimeter-gram-second) system. However, MKS (meter-kilogram-second) system is used while measuring large quantities (Manseau & Shields, 2005). With globalization, metric system is becoming widely acceptable worldwide though some countries such as United States are resistant to switch to the metric system. US makes use of a mixture of different systems of measurement. In 1960, the General Conference of Weights and Measures revised and simplified the measurement system. Seven

Business law exam Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business law exam - Case Study Example This definition also ensures that the employer is protected against unlawful acts by employees, which might jeopardize the welfare of the organization. The Rand formula This stipulates the requirement of the Canadian employment laws, requiring that all employees should pay the trade union dues and subscriptions, notwithstanding their union membership status. The significance of The Rand formula for labor laws in Canada is to ensure that employees do not disassociate themselves with union membership through failing to pay the required dues, yet they benefit from the functions of the union. Wagnerism This is a provision of the law allowing employees in the private sector to engage in lawful labor practices, such as the establishment of labor unions, participating in lawful strikes and signing collective bargaining agreements with their employers. However, the law exempts certain employees from being considered eligible for Wagnerism, such as the domestic workers. The significance of Wa gnerism for labor law in Canada is to give employees working under private sector the rights to exercise their freedom at the workplace, though within the confines of the law. Secondary picketing This refers to lawful protesting by employees in support of their union activities, in a different location that is not their employer’s premises. Secondary picketing allows the union members to undertake protests or demonstrations in favor of their union, where the employer has blocked them from accessing the premises. The significance of secondary picketing for labor laws in Canada is to allow employees a channel through which they can express their grievances, on the event that their employer has blocked them from protesting within the employer’s premises. Part B Question 1 The role of International Labor Organization (ILO) is to set and oversee the adherence of the international standards of labor, as well as fair working conditions and terms, for employees globally. Thus, the ILO provides guidance for the acceptable labor standards, while advocating for the improvement of the working environment for the employees. The ILO also defines the relationship between employees and employers, with a focus on the rights and responsibilities of each party. The impact of ILO functions, on the Canadian Labor laws, is to streamline the laws so they match the required international standards and requirements. Question 2 The role of the arbitrator, as stipulated by the Canadian labor laws, is to intervene in the conflict between employees and their employers. Therefore, an arbitrator plays the role of resolving the conflict arising at the work place, or any other work related conflicts between the employer and employees. The functions and powers of the arbitrator were extended by a court ruling, granting an arbitrator the powers to require specific performance from an employer or an employee, depending on who is wrong. The impact of the Weber decision to the powers of the arbitrator is that it extended these powers, to allow an arbitrator change the collective agreement terms between the employer and the employee, as the arbitrator deems necessary. Question 4 The relationship between a union and its members is that of a contract. Therefore, the contract is established on the basis of the union receiving dues and subscriptions from the members, and in turn the union represents the interest

The Case Against the Privatization of Prisons Essay

The Case Against the Privatization of Prisons - Essay Example As per the dogmas affiliated to the classical and modern economics, the privatization of the government institutions seems to be just the right choice in the contemporary scenario. However, the vital point is that should economic and financial considerations be the only criteria through which the relevance of state and public institutions be gauged Should the important public facilities like the schools, health facilities, education and prisons be left at the mercy of the private sector corporations Certainly it will be utterly myopic to wear the spectacles of economics to access the importance of very vital state institutions like prisons. The prisons in any society are very important social and political institutions. Infact the scope and ambit of prisons as a social institution is utterly different from other institutions like hospitals and schools. So far as other institutions in any dynamic society are concerned, they happen to be primarily service oriented and their efficacy and worth is judged on the basis of the quality of services extended by them. The prisons tend to differ in the sense that they primarily give expression to the collective conscience of a society. The way a society treats and takes care of its offenders is a direct picture of its ethical moorings and value system. The need to rehabilitate the offenders, to take ample steps to bring them back into the national mainstream is something that comes within the purview of the social responsibilities of a nation and demands a considerable sense of responsibility, commitment and involvement. Any attempt to define prisons as institutions where prisoner s reside or are kept in confinement will be utterly narrow and short sighted. Infact, the prisons should be treated more as rehabilitation facilities that primarily exist for the purpose of giving the offenders a chance to serve their sentences and at the same time to facilitate them with just the right kind of environment so as to help them to become better persons and to ensure their assimilation back into the social mainstream. Considering this factor, the contemporary trend towards the privatization of prisons leaves massive scope for doubting the ability and intentions of the private corporations taking over the prisons, to fulfill this onerous social responsibility by allocating requisite funds and resources.The privatization of the prisons is not a new trend. The federal and state governments had already initiated the policy of the privatization of the facilities managed by them a long time ago. Such services primarily included medical facilities, food processing, education a nd vocational training. However, this panache for privatization achieved unprecedented heights with the newfound state predilection for the privatization of the prisons in the late 80s. A great many factors were responsible for this trend. However, the major reason that ultimately convinced the federal and the state governments in favor of the privatizat

Enterprise Architecture Proposal Essay Example for Free

Enterprise Architecture Proposal Essay Submitted December 4, 2011 Description The organization I have selected is the company I work for, CMH Systems. The core functions of this business are Therapy, Counseling, Placement, and Job skills to name a few. This is a Mental Health Organization that compiles and disburses many services, including Doctors, Prescriptions, Hospitalization, and Housing of Mentally or emotionally challenged individuals. Protecting client information is essential. The integrity of such information is critical. We are currently in an affiliation with other CMH agencies and service providers across the state. I chose this agency because it is evolving so fast. IT is involved in every aspect of this organization and keeping abreast of changes are a challenge. Just over three years ago, we went from paper records to electronic. This alone was challenging enough, and then we implemented electronic record keeping software. Though this was well thought out and planned we continue to experience growth that is hard to keep up with. With an 80% business as usual attitude, the change is difficult. Getting input from other departments and or providers was essential. The problem arises when the stakeholders request changes on a daily basis. The information gleaned from the stakeholders up front was not what they expected. Their input was not specific enough to allow for advancement. Although the stakeholders were involved with the implementation of the new system, we struggle with staff that resists changes. operating model in terms of business process integration. CMH has a couple of operating models. First, there is the core agency, with several outlaying units. Within the core units, there is high integration. Everything except the daily activities are centrally controlled. The data is managed centrally. Tthis would be the coordination model. With our affiliates where the units are their management, data is kept locally, and records and data are transmitted to central for submission to state, would be the Replication model. operating model in terms of business process standardization. With both models, I mentioned the data and record keeping are standardized. On the core units, they enter data into the system using standardized software and data entry forms. The affiliate model runs the same standardized record keeping software and their data is kept on their servers and transmitted to us on a monthly basis. the chosen operating model in terms of business process integration. In comparison to the Happy Health organization, CMH has made strides in the areas of process integration. Although our affiliate has its own CEO and IT staff, we are the parent company. We have the same electronic record keeping software and it works in unison with theirs. We often share placement facilities and placement of clients with them. Compare the selected organization to the sample organizations using the chosen operating model in terms of business process standardization. In terms of process standardization, we are using the same methods of providing services and data collection. They have their own Doctors, therapists, and outreach workers on staff. The data collected there for the services, are input into their own system and the information is extracted each month and sent to us for import into our own systems. We then process the information and create the necessary claims for submission to the state. Describe the chosen operating model in terms of the financial benefits available to the organization as a result of the selection. In terms of the affiliation, the business model would be replication. Although as the primary provider and their affiliation with us we would like to have a more in depth model like coordination. †¢Explain your rationale for the selected operating model. With the coordination model we would have additional control over the record keeping, services provided and the ability to obtain needed information in a more timely manner. IT would also be able to work together, in a unified manner. In essence, this model would provide a much better way of record keeping and the ability to access the data and provide necessary claims to the state. The way we are currently conducting business is that we are completely different entities, and we have no direct recourse over what goes on there. The reason for the change in design is vital to the way we conduct business now and has a definite impact on the future. I propose the agencies come together in one coordinated model.

Song Of Myself By Walt Whitmans English Literature Essay

Song Of Myself By Walt Whitmans English Literature Essay Song of Myself , by Walt Whitmans Background Song of Myself is a poem by Walt Whitmans. This poem presents a continual stream of human consciousness, where he attempts to analyze death as natural and transformative process, which ought to occur to everybody. Walt Whitman was an American poet born in 1819 and died on 26th March 1892. The poet was born in Town of Huntington, Long Island, New York, U.S.In his previous years, Whitman worked as government employee ,and during the helm of his literally work he used to work as health care assistant in the American war . He is regarded as a humanist, who saw the transition of 1800s transcendentalism into realism, which incorporated both concepts and views of his work. During his reign, his literally work was regarded as controversial because it incorporated my contents that were regarded as sexually obscene. It is the same poem, Song of Myself, which marked Whitmans career as an influential poet of the time. Among the 12 poems found in the in the publication Leaves of grass, it is only the Song of Myself which has emerged as the most famous. Themes in Song of Myself by Walt Whitmans Various themes have been depicted in the poem, and the most identifiable ones include the concept of shared experience, Divinity, Love, Sexuality, death, and life after death. Under the theme of shared experience, Whitman describes relationships as a natural part of life, where he affirms the positive connection between personal feelings and relationship with other people. This concept depicted in the verse I celebrate myself and sing myself, and what I assume you shall assume, for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. The poet does not discriminate elements of life and he elaborates that their equality among all things in the world, whether dead or alive. After reading the poem, the reader of the poem appreciates everything around them as connected, and nothing occurs under separate entity. Egalitarianism with the related shared experience is also presented in verse 48, which says I have said that the soul is not more than the body, and I have said that the body is not more than the soul. This verse illustrates the tranquility in the poem, which gives all components of the body equal merits. Another theme critically depicted is Death. All through the poem, Whitman describes death as a natural part of every individual life. He does not believe on physical death, and he assumes that when one dies he will rise again in another transformed form, They are alive and well somewhere, the smallest sprout shows there is really no death. In this theme, he also affirms his contribution to the world, where he argues that even after he dies, his corpse will contribute to establishment of new life on earth. This means he does not believe in death. Another theme clearly shown in poem is the aspect of life. Despite the fact that he sees death as transformation to another life, he eludes the prospect of an afterlife after one dies. This theme is elaborated in section 6, where he says all goes onward and outward, nothing collapses. Whitman regards life as a gift from God, and he personifies life as anchor, which links the living and the non living. In relation to the theme sexuality, Whitmans describes sexuality as an element that makes soul sensual .The encounter of two individuals in section five expresses the poets desire in relation to sex ,which he values as the synthesis of body and soul. He critically argues that sensual feeling is part of life, which makes it more enjoyable since if one is not living, they cannot enjoy it. Comment of Whitmans language and verse One thing about this poem is that it depicts several literary devices such as alliteration, similes, metaphors, tone and imagery. In writing the poem, Whitmans uses a lot of imagery as an indicative of life and death. This way death and life clearly presented. Metaphors and personification have also been used in the poem. These relate to the exact happenings in life. There is also the consistent use of imagery to depict things life love and its meaning. For example, the line I celebrate myself and sing myself, and what I assume you shall assume, for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. is a simile. These have been paralleled with the major issues presented in the poem. Similes to the life events have also been amplified in the poem. A lot of alliterations are also evident in the poem. The tone of realism and humanity has also been praised in this poem. This presents the cries and anguish of the narrator. The reader will be in a position of getting the tone of the poem f rom the first reading. The use of specific words such as dark night and love help to set the poems tone. There are numerous allusions of the poem to other works that are symbolic. Whitman also uses alliterations in the poem. The alliteration of letter b sound is presented in broken blinds. Song of Myself by Walt Whitmans contains a total of contains 52 verses describing the feeling of life and death. In almost all verses, Whitman presents the internal girth obtained from self satisfaction. The poems analyze living as the lifestyle, while death as an escape to lifes suffering. The author explains the exact meaning of death, love, life, and how human beings relate to each other. Reading the poems, the author expresses his own feelings and emotions through use of words that can easily be understood by the reader. This is why he concentrated on the major issues directly affecting peoples lives. The main concern of the author was to understand the meaning of life and how people can be happier in it. Some of the harsh facts and situations he came across in his life regarding death and meaning of the hostile world must have inspired him to write these poems The 52 verses in the poem are presented by the author in such a way that they describe the main feeling felt by an indiv idual after enjoying life to the fullest. This unexplainable feeling has very many impacts on ones emotions and life in general. In conclusion, Whitman views and opinions about life, love and death strike me. This is because he presents the realities of life, love and mistrust in men. The poems explain the meaning of living and the mistrust that comes with it.

Cosquer Cave :: Anthropology Research Papers

Cosquer Cave Around 27,000 years ago it is believed that large glaciers were spread across the Alps. These glaciers were so large and held such a large quantity of water that the sea level of the Mediterranean dropped some 100 meters. When the opening of the cave was revealed, men entered the cave and drew amazing paintings and drawings along the walls. When the earth became warm again the glaciers melted, and the sea level rose. The cave entrance was once again covered up by 37 meters of water. (Time Travellers†¦) This cave was hidden for thousands of years until 1985, when scuba diver Henri Cosquer discovered the cave entrance. It is some 110 feet below sea level on Cabo Morgiou, which is near Marseille, in the southern part of France. It led him through a 450 feet long sloping tunnel to a large air-filled chamber. When Henri returned in 1991 to the dark chamber, he noticed a handprint on the cave wall. Soon he noticed many handprints. When Henri returned with other explorers, they searched and found artwork and many pictograph and petroglyphs. (Dawn of Prehistoric.) After doing radiocarbon dating, explorers discovered that the first handprint Cosquer found was 27,000 years old. At the time, it was the oldest date for a cave painting known anywhere. With more searching, charcoal was found and dated as being 27,870 to 26,360 years old. The gap in the dating leads explorers to believe that the cave was in disuse during the gap between the dates. (Dawn of Prehistoric†¦) Radiocarbon dating done on the paintings and drawings of the animals has lead prehistorians to believe these works are between 18,500 and 19,000 years old. Of the hundred animal images, horses are nearly one-third of the drawings. Many of the horses only show the heads, while some represent the entire body of the animal. Other animal paintings include ibexes, chamois and some bison. (The Cosquer Cave) A surprise to many of the explorers were the paintings of sea animals. Although sea level was around 360 feet lower then the cave entrance, and the cave entrance was only a couple kilometers from shore. Jean Clottes and Jean Courtin, two prehistorians, said: ‘One of the most delightful surprises of the Cosquer cave was its depiction of sea animals. A few paintings and engravings of saltwater fish are known in Upper Paleolithic cave art, but drawings that look like seals had so far only been recorded in two cave, at La Pileta and at Nerja in Andalusia.

The Great Gatsby Essay: The Great Gatsby is Not So Great :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Great Gatsby is Not The novel has no plot to mention. ... The book is highly sensational, loud, blatant, ugly, pointless. There seems to be no reason for its existence Harvey Eagleton (Dallas Morning News, May 10, 1925). F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is an absurd story, whether considered as romance, melodrama, or plain record of New York high life.   The occasional insights into character stand out as very green oases on an arid desert of waste paper.   Throughout the first half of the book the author shadows his leading character in mystery, but when in the latter part he unfolds his life story it is difficult to find the brains, the cleverness, and the glamour that one might expect of a main character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Great Gatsby is a parody of itself. While Fitzgerald tries hard not to make Gatsby and especially Daisy laughable personalities, this is where he ultimately fails. There's not enough ironic distance to his characters. As Gatsby, at least in the eyes of many critics, should represent the idea of the American Dream, the presentation of his character puts the whole concept in question again, without being intended as criticism. This is mainly the fault of another weak character in the novel, Nick Carraway. At first, the only function of Nick in the novel seems to be to act as a reporter, telling us the truth by telling us his shrewd, objective perceptions. Then, as the novel progresses, it turns out that the opposite is the case, and he is siding with Gatsby to make this character stand above all others and shine. Nick Carraway could be one of the finest examples of reader manipulation in literature. But his sympathy towards Gatsby is exaggerated, not so much in actions, but in the much praised language of the novel. Fitzgerald's book at first overwhelms the reader with poetic descriptions of human feelings, of landscapes, buildings and colors. Everything seems to have a symbolic meaning, but it seems to be so strong that no one really tries to look what's happening behind those beautiful words. If you dig deeper you will discover that hidden beneath those near-lyrics are blatancies, at best. In Nick's "perceptions" of the events in the last four chapters, this symbolism is overdone, especially in the scene where Gatsby kisses Daisy and in the scene where Gatsby dies.

Problem With Human Cloning Essay -- Human Cloning Essays

Cloning by definition taken from the Oxford Dictionary is a plant or an animal that produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another plant or animal and so the same as it. The first cloned adult mammal is a sheep named Dolly. The aim of research into human cloning has never been to clone people, or to make babies. The original aim of human cloning research is to get stem cell to cure a disease. It is inevitable that one day this knowledge of human cloning would be abused. As time goes by, the scientist started to think deeply and this is how the concept of cloned human being introduced. There are a few reasons why the human cloning is illegal by the laws. Human cloning research faces with many problems since it first announced in public such as it is an unethical process, increases the mortality of infants and producing a mutant product. Background Paragraph First human cloning ideas introduced into public consciousness in the Future Shock, the book written by Alvin Toffler in 1970. He was quoted as written â€Å"One of the more fantastic possibilities is that man will be able to make biological carbon copies of himself†¦Cloning would make it possible for people to see themselves anew, to fill the world with twins of themselves† (Amy Logston, 1999). On February 24, 1997, the using of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in 1996 to produce the first cloned adult mammal, Dolly, the sheep, by the scientist was announced into public (Judith A. Johnson, 2006) had improved what Alvin has written in his book. Today, scientists are still learning and searching the correct ways and method in human cloning process in order to open the public minds to accept it. Dolly was a popular symbol of both the great possibilities of scie... ...l do not approve the human cloning processes. What will happen if the laws start to approve it? People will have their own identical cloned and world will full with the cloned human. If cloning were your only possible chance to have a child, would you use this kind of method and agree with this treatment? Try to think the advantages and disadvantages of human cloning, you will find the answer with your own reason. Perhaps in the future, all the disadvantages of human cloning process can be fixed and the public will able to accept the role of human cloning. Works Cited Arlene Judith Klotzko, 2004. A Clone of Your Own?. Oxford University Press.New York. Hwa A.Lim. 2002. Genetically Yours Bioinforming.Biopharming.Biofarming. World Scientific Publishing. London. Louis-Marie Houndebine. 2003. Animal Transgenesis and Cloning. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. England.

How can we know, if at all, that our behavior is ethical? Essay

As human beings, how do we recognize that our actions towards ourselves, our surroundings, and to others around us are ethical? For instance, a student is caught cheating on a test in school. Why is this pupil punished for what they have done, and how do they know their actions were right or wrong? Ethics, as described by Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, is the â€Å"science of human duty; a particular system of principles and rules concerting duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, political or social ethics; medical ethics.† This means that ethics are what we, as humans consider right or wrong and are formed by the morals that each of us individually believe and abide by. We can find human ethics in the judicial law system, religion, and in our everyday society throughout the entire world population. Individuals in a civilized group follow judicial laws. These laws outline what we can and cannot do. Our leaders have created these laws parallel to the daily changes that humans experience in society. When these changes occur, they conclusively affect humans, resulting in new changes in the judicial law system as well. In such a case, many years ago it was thought that child labour was ethical because children were seen just as miniature adults who could accomplish the same workload as a grown man or woman. Today we realize that this is not the case, and view child labour as being unethical. As a result, laws have been made in order to protect children from being immersed in our labour force. We know through science of the mind and body, that child labour directly effects the psychological development of children. Children are not fully physiologically developed to work as hard nor for as long as grown adults can. In response to the increase in our knowledge of such resembling situations, judicial laws are also changed to follow the development of human ethics. When judicial laws and ethics are not followed, punishments serve to teach the prosecuted what is ethical and what is not. If you break a law such as killing another person, you will be tried and jailed on the lawful account of murder. T he majority of the punished will hopefully realize that what they have done is unethical, and that it should definitely not be done again. Humanitarian laws have been created as a practical (and peaceful) guide to daily living. Therefore, punishments are given to individuals who do not wish to abide by these guidelines in an attempt to change the way that they have acted in their past. In faith and religion, there are many different ethical laws that have been set since the beginning of the respective organization. These laws vary between religions and countries. In the Christian religion there are the Ten Commandments, which followers try to live by. These commandments set by God are the ethics on which the Christians should live. Humans decide which religion they wish to believe in, and in by doing so, they decide what ethics and actions are correct for them to follow. Though many of these ethics have been set a long time ago, we can still decide what we wish to follow, and what we wish to rule out. In the Islam faith, followers find ethics by what is written in the Quarn. Christians find their religious ethics through the Bibles. Such scriptures serve as religious guidelines, outlining how to morally live and act in certain situations. There are many different religions in the world, yet each and every one of them offer specific guidelines of morals and human ethics to teach the rights from the wrongs. If these ethics and behaviors are not followed, the individual will be punished. If you commit an action that goes so strongly against the ethical laws and behaviors set by your religion, results of punishment could be that; your family or religious group may shun you, or in an even worse case, you could be jailed for certain periods of time. The results are all determined by specific factors such as the specific religion, the country, and crime committed. There are many serious prices to pay for breaking the moral laws of human and religious ethics. Within society, there are unspoken and unwritten rules, that we see as ethical, by which every citizen and human being should abide. Along with these rules, we find moral obligation of considerations of what is right and wrong and this determines how people act. Such ethical laws are changed overtime because of the influence that certain individual’s actions have on society. In some cases, these actions can change our ethics making the formerly wrong actions eventually accepted by society. An example of this is how women’s fashion has changed over the last century. Seventy years ago it was unacceptable for women to show any skin above their ankles while wearing a dress. Today in Canada, we are able to se females who wear skirts and shorts without a second thought, making this action fully accepted by their surrounding society. Because of instances such as this, people follow society and views what it accepts as ethical. What may be ethical and acceptable in one part of the world may not be acceptable in another. This is judged on what the majority of the people do, and on what their religious and cultural beliefs are. In most professions, such as medicine and dentistry, there is a code of conduct, which practitioners must follow. This code of conduct is built on what society accepts as being ethical in that certain field. Humans must be mentally aware of society’s unwritten rules. These rules should come easily to all mentally stable humans, for they are based on the way individuals are raised and the morals that result from proper parental nourishment. Not following the ethics and behaving in a manner which society deems wrong can punish an individual through public or social groups. In professions where there is a code of conduct and it is broken, you could be finned or suspended from that profession. As well, your family and friends could lose your trust or respect and your image and reputation could be damaged. In the world around us there are three major parts of ethics; judicial law, religion, and the mass of moral, unwritten in our surrounding society. In each, ethical laws determine whether individual actions and behaviors are right or wrong, and outline certain punishments for breaking the ‘rules’. These punishments are given according to the severity of the crime, and religious and social, religious, and cultural belies. We base our ethics on the norms around us and how others and we ourselves act. Therefore we, as individuals, are in fact the ones who decide what actions and behaviors are ethical, morally determining our own providence.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Satire Terms Analysis Essay

â€Å"Her face is smooth, calculated, and precision-made, like an expensive baby-doll, skin like flesh-colored enamel, blend of white and cream and baby blue eyes, small nose, pink little nostrils-everything working together except the color on her lips and fingernails, and the size of her bosom. A mistake was made somehow in manufacturing, putting those big, womanly breasts on what would of otherwise been a perfect work, and you can see how bitter she is about it. Incongruity: Something strangely, shockingly, or ridiculously out of place Analysis: In this passage, after Nurse Ratched enters the room in a typical day on the ward, Chief Bromden’s description of her as perfection is juxtaposed by his actual intention to emphasize her big flaw. Chief Bromden begins this paragraph with the positive side of the nurse. He claims how perfect she looks with her â€Å"smooth, calculated and precision-made† face, comparing her to a â€Å"baby-doll. Chief Bromden is trying to make her look like a goddess without any faultiness in her image. While all these pretty dictions such as the â€Å"baby blue eyes† and the â€Å"small nose† have been used, he begins to point out her defects by inserting the word â€Å"except† and emphasizing miniscule details of her – â€Å"the color [of] her lips, her fingernails and the size of her bosom. † This is very incongruous to her overall appearance of being a perfect human being. Moreover, he says that Nurse Ratched is a â€Å"mistake in manufacturing,† suggesting her machine-like quality and comparing Nurse Ratched to inanimate product made in a factory. Her â€Å"womanly breasts† with all the defects mentioned above reflect another idea. Chief Bromden suggests that â€Å"breasts,† which symbolizes womanhood, as the deformity implying her unfitness to rule over the patients in the ward despite all the other perfect qualities that she has. Throughout the book, Kesey uses this character of Nurse Ratched to suggest how even a perfectly-looking person or in extreme, a dictator is the same human being as the oppressed with humanly defects and how the strong individual idea led him or her to have an authority over the majority of the people. Thus, the author clearly establishes the importance of individuality and nonconformity to suggest how the American government tried to get the people to conform under the unrest especially due to the protest against the involvement in the war.

How My Creative Thinking in Nursing Care Help Me Solving Problems with Patients in Long Term Care

When we have made a commitment to work with and develop nursing theory, it is important to keep in mind that this activity is crucial to establish scientific foundations in nursing. The first line of teaching and learning in nursing is based on linear thinking, arguing to promote the student's vision of cause / effect when, for example, this is in the process of providing the patient with an anticoagulant for DVT prevention at a patient and requires monitoring by protocol, bleeding adverse effect, or also monitor the heart rate, or blood pressure levels, and heart rate when the patient requires to receive anti-arrhythmic or digoxin. In the latter case, with a retro feedback mechanism, put into action when the resident and blood sample taken to measure the Digoxin level in order to adjust the dose, seeking the drug's effectiveness and thus the patient's clinical stability. During the development of nursing theory, it is important to realize as we are thinking when we find or look for a problem to solve. For this creative thinking plays an important role. Researchers have described various methods of creative thinking among them these three: Evolution: This is a method of continuous incremental improvement. We can gestate new ideas from existing ideas, or seek and find a solution derived from another, obtaining at the end a solution that we would not have imagined from the beginning with a single step. The result will be something totally different to the original. Synthesis: This method of thought goes into action when two or more existing ideas are combined to create a third, new idea. Reapplication: This method of creative thinking comes into play when we see something otherwise stated, entirely new. The key is to see beyond the prior application of any idea or method and thus demonstrate if the other application is feasible. When we encounter a problem in some cases may emerge any negative attitude may hinder and even block our creative thinking. For you I have noticed that, when unforeseen circumstances I get the load of 25 or more patients in the institution where they take care of patients in long term care must run at a faster pace than usual, with proper care to prevent errors but when there is an unexpected situation arises in my mind: â€Å"a situation more, adding to the complex repertoire of tasks to accomplish!. This idea looks something like this:† Oh! Now this? â€Å". If so, at the time of first reaction, I was adding a bigger problem than the situation itself, having to deal with and solve it before continuing with the rest of the investigation of the case. The next question that arises if this occurs I would be: Why am I thinking and / or feeling this? This happens with the patient TH has relationship with his previous medical history? Psychological/cultural context? It has happened before? Why has this happened? Is there any background prior to solve this? At this point I realize that I am involved in an active process of search, first to understand the phenomenon, and then how to solve it. This positive attitude (curiosity) helped me to think creatively. Another attitude that has helped me is to believe that most problems can be solved; all a matter of time, energy and resources. Also, and especially, to attack the problem from the moment when it is detected, since otherwise, can add what I call collateral problems. Even more, I can say that I stay alert not to make value judgments or criticisms that may that may contaminate the process of addressing the problem with my own prejudices, alienate adding unnecessary elements in time and possibilities to solve this problem. References Harris, R. (1998). Introduction to creative thinking; Retrieved from: https://www. virtualsalt. com/crebook1htm. Rapadoupulus, Irena; Omeri, Akram. Transcultural nursing theory and models: The challenges of application. Contemporary nurse. 28(1-2):45-7, 2008. Apr. Editorial. Jennings, BM. Nursing Theory development, successes, and challenges. Journal of advanced nursing

Psy240 Final Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay

You are interviewing for a psychologist position with a top company. After your face-to-face interview with the team, they have provided you with two additional assignments—Part A and Part B below, which will complete the interview process: * Part A: A psychologist understands how biology can affect psychological activities and disorders. In your interview, you are asked about your understanding of the causes and treatment(s) of schizophrenia. In your reply, discuss the following: * Areas of the brain affected * Causal factors * Associated symptoms * The neural basis * Appropriate drug therapies * Part B: Part B of the interview consists of interpreting some case studies from a biopsychologist’s perspective. You are given four different case studies of disorders and have the option of choosing two out of the four case studies to analyze. * Write a 1,750- to 2,100-word paper in APA format containing the following: * Introduction * Part A of the interview process. * Part B of the interview process: * Choose two of the four case studies presented in Appendix A. * Discuss your understanding of the problem presented in each of the two case studies from the perspective of a biopsychologist. * Include each problem’s relation to the nature-nurture issue and any relevant portions of the Basics to Biopsychology text. * Use a minimum of five outside resources, including at least 3 peer-reviewed articles. * Apply any helpful drug interventions or solutions. * Discuss the positive or negative aspects of these drug interventions or solutions and * Conclusion

President Obama visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

President Obama visit - Essay Example This would be of great help especially to the people with low incomes, since they would be reduced of the burden of having to repay the loan in full. The president also wanted to get to the students’ voting alliance that was responsible for his winning back in 2008, and told them that he needed their votes again in 2012 elections. The officials of the White House alleged that those students who had one or more federal loans would be allowed to merge their debts, which would reduce interest rates by half of the percentage point. Obama said that this plan was supposed to get rid of those federal subsidies that were taken to the private banks after the loans are merged, and this would help in improving the economy. He believed that if a big percentage of people’s paycheck is used to repay the loans instead of doing other things, it would affect the economy. This would be a great burden especially to those families who are in the middle-class; since their source of income is mainly from the salaries they get from their jobs. A big percentage of people’s income should help people to improve their businesses, so that the business can grow, and this would help improve the country’s economy. This would ensure that the future generations did not suffer economically due to insufficient funds. The president questioned Republicans who were in the congress for having blocked the job bill he had put in place. He said that those individuals who were jobless weren’t supposed to be deserted, and he would try to help them out even if the congress did not help him. He told the students’ things he planned to do, and he would do them single-handedly if the congress did not back him up. He said that he would ensure that each individual had an access to acquiring college education. This showed that the president was concerned about the future generation who are the next leaders of America, and by giving

Labor law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Labor law - Essay Example plementation of this Railway Labor Act was to ensure that the railways continued to provide its services and the obstacles in the deliverance of services caused due to differences between the employees and employers were removed. This was an essential step for the sustainability of the reputation of the railway industry. This law provided the privilege of freedom to the railway employees to organize their own unions independently. Authority was given to both management and labor and none were bounded by the domination of one another; Often rail laborers had to agree on working terms that later gave rise to disappointment. Different laborers had different and colliding views about the prevailing working environment that caused conflicts. This law served as a rapid solution for all disputes of the rail industry. The Railway Labor Act (RLA) has a positive impact on the organizations because due to the enactment of this law the disputes that took place between the railway organizations and their employees started solving in a timely manner. Due to this the productivity of the organizations was not damaged as a result of the protests. The provision of development of a National Mediation board helped in ensuring that the disputes that were not being solved by the unions and organizations started being solved with the indulgence of a third party. This even ensured that the organizations were not able to manipulate the union leaders into working for the interest of the owners of the organization instead of working for the employees they represented. This Act clarified that yellow- dog agreement made between the laborer of a certain industry and its management as a condition for becoming an employee, was strictly unacceptable by the Federal Court (Cihon, 2011, p.342). Any such contract, which forbids the laborer to join a labor union, has no claimable existence in the Federal Court. This law of United States was established for the protection of the rights of the

Can Security Countermeasures be Overdone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Can Security Countermeasures be Overdone - Essay Example Iraq sans UN approval, to choking off funds-flow to terrorist elements, compulsory screening, finger printing, strip & search of all non-nationals or even suspect nationals at all points of entry and exit, installation of electronic eavesdropping devices / phone tapping / mail interception, passing of draconian laws in the face of strong opposition from Human Rights activists, etc. and a myriad of other methods. Orwellian ‘Big brother is watching you’ (Orwell, 1949) has become a fact of life. All these signify the hard line, no nonsense approach, led especially by the governments in the USA and UK. They were primarily intended to assuage the injured American pride in the name of ‘war on terror’. Institutions, businesses and citizens did not lag far behind in this era of panic and paranoia. Overdoing ‘hardware intensive’ and ‘legislative’ countermeasures seem to be only partly effective in containing terrorism. Afghanistan and Iraq, in dà ©jà   vu, will testify this premise. The sweeping actions of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Department of Justice (DOJ) and other investigation agencies on the one hand, and the poor record of conviction secured by them, point to the limited effectiveness of the countermeasures. That is not to say that there has been no success at all. On the contrary, some of the administrative countermeasures like enactment of The USA Patriot Act or the creation of the DHS certainly enabled putting a check on terrorist activities. â€Å"The USA PATRIOT Act equips federal law enforcement and intelligence officials with the tools they need to mount an effective, coordinated campaign against our nation’s terrorist enemies. The Act revised counterproductive legal restraints that impaired law enforcement’s ability to gather, analyze, and share critical terrorism-related intelligence information. The Act also updated decades-old federal laws to account for the technological breakthroughs seen in recent years. For example,

Public International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public International Law - Essay Example Yet the concept of intervention doesn’t take place in abstraction. It is interconnected with the ideals of national sovereignty, international relations and foreign policy, politics and the growth of the international community. These linkages are what inform philosophical thought and public opinion on the subject today2. Those arguing against intervention for human rights say they compromise basic features of state sovereignty since human rights are claims that states cannot do anything they want to however even among legal scholars, notions of sovereignty are coming under pressure to include understandings that would allow or even require intervention by outsiders in cases of humanitarian crisis and gross human rights abuse. Historical, Political and Philosophical Background The state is the fundamental ingredient for political self-determination, thus according to Michael Walzer intervention should be staged only when the basic purposes for which the state was formed have n ot been achieved. The legitimacy of states is limited to waging internal wars that go on without the acts shocking the conscience of mankind3. Of course there are scholars who think that Walzer’s ideas are far too liberal. The fact is that states monopolize defense and security matters within their territory4. The Soviet Republic murdered over 50 million of its citizens in cold blood, in Yugoslavia the numbers were over a million, in Darfur it was in the hundreds of thousands. This sobering statistics justify the assertion that it is the most dangerous threat to civilian existence today. Since the 2001 enactment of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) international law... The paper tells that the state is the fundamental ingredient for political self-determination, thus according to Michael Walzer intervention should be staged only when the basic purposes for which the state was formed have not been achieved. The legitimacy of states is limited to waging internal wars that go on without the acts shocking the conscience of mankind. Of course there are scholars who think that Walzer’s ideas are far too liberal. The fact is that states monopolize defense and security matters within their territory. The Soviet Republic murdered over 50 million of its citizens in cold blood, in Yugoslavia the numbers were over a million, in Darfur it was in the hundreds of thousands. This sobering statistics justify the assertion that it is the most dangerous threat to civilian existence today. Since the 2001 enactment of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) international law policy makers have been trying to develop doctrines of limited sovereignty that aims at givi ng the international community or specific international organizations leeway or duty to undertake intervention in cases of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing. The framework of humanitarian intervention isn’t clearly defined. This is amplified by the fact of intervention being not just a moral, but a legal issue as well. The mechanics of humanitarian intervention requires a political body to decide upon and authorize military action and the military force itself that carries out such action.

Read instruction below; Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Read instruction below; - Research Paper Example Starbucks has the most recognizable brand in coffee industry business and that the experience they provide to their customers is irreplaceable makes the main strengths harnessed to be successful (Lussier, 131). The other strengths are sound, visionary, and capable leadership of Howard Shultz leading Starbucks to greater success and growth from its beginning to be a global leading it is currently. Owing to the Starbucks experience, the company has loyal customers who are willing to pay premium prices for the company’s coffee increasing the profit margins and revenues for the firm. Starbucks also has the soundest financial statements in the speciality coffee industry and is a respected employer having been named among Fortune Top 100 Companies to work for due to the offer of medical insurance, fair remuneration, as well as good working conditions. Starbucks has developed a strong ethical culture and values, and this is well depicted in the mission statement. Other strengths are ability to developing and innovating new products, and customers are guaranteed of getting high quality taste at Starbucks (Lussier, 131). The main weakness at Starbucks is the inability to control the prices of coffee globally. Starbuck’s businesses are affected by fluctuation in coffee prices that occurs due to changes in global demand and supply, as well as weather conditions and climate affecting the profits and revenues of Starbucks. Starbucks cannot be able to change the prices of coffee hence is the main weakness at Starbucks. The second weakness is pricing of Starbucks coffee in Chin with the belief that it is highly priced loosing the market share in the region to McCafe. The other weakness has been a loss in the customer experience from the high rate of expansion experienced at Starbucks. Negative publicity on the health implications of consuming coffee, high fat content, and high calories in the products offered

Presentation about your role as an Accountant Speech or

About your role as an Accountant - Speech or Presentation Example Controversial, because I am sure one way or another you have heard the recent news of financial scandals and crisis which was also brought by this profession. To give you a brief synopsis of the objective or what an Accountant does, it â€Å"is to record, classify, summarize, and interpret the transactions of an [business] entityâ€Å"(Brewer, 2009, pg. 96). While this function may sound simple in text, the implication of it however is quite complex because ultimately,†the objective of financial accounting was to provide information useful in economic decision making† (Brewer et al, 2004, pg. 15). Through accounting, an entity is able to determine its financial position by recording all the transactions incurred in a given period, classify and summarize it to be used in making a rationale economic decision. The tool that is usually used for making that rationale economic decision is called Financial Statements. This is basically a written report that describes the econo mic well being of a business entity which comes in the form of Income Statement, Balance Sheets and Cash Flow. Income Statement simply tells whether a business entity is earning or not. In a smaller scale, the income statement shows how much you spend compared to what you earned and if there is anything left for profit or savings. Balance sheet on the other hand summarizes the business entity’s assets, liabilities and capital for a given period. Simply, it’s a summary of what you have and what you owe and how much you and your investors have invested in the business entity while Cash Flow shows how much money was used and generated by business entity in a given period. Common terms used that may sound complex but really meant simply are words like assets which simply means what the business entity owns, liability which means what the company owes. While this may sound simple, the entire process of recording, classifying, summarizing and interpreting can get complicated especially if the organization is big for it involves a lot of transactions to consider for accounting reporting. In a small business, this can also be taxing especially if this entire accounting process is done by a single person compared to an entire department of a corporation. Such, technology can get handy in aiding a small business in its various Accounting Operation such as having a software that helps track employee’s wages, outgoing expenses with vendors and tracking the day-to-day operation of the business whether it is earning or not. This gives the business owner a hindsight about his business’ financial progress and is able to make necessary adjustments to enhance his profitability i.e. streamlining expenses and reduce unnecessary expenditures. By having this accounting facility within the small business, the owner may not have to retain an Accountant, except on the occasion of filing of taxes which could save him cost. If you noticed, the profession of A ccounting involves money. Not only that the Accountant is responsible for handling the resources of a business entity, he is also responsible for the factual and accurate reporting of it. This is important because the public relies on this information whether they will put in their money for investment in that company or not. Such, the Accounting profession demands the highest ethical standard because when this function is

Global warming Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global warming - Speech or Presentation Example Pollution refers to any foreign material that is discharged into water, air or land. These materials either have acute or chronic effects on the environment. The pollutants discharged into air lead to global warming. Some of the pollutants include Carbon IV oxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases among others (Faust, 2008, p51). The greenhouse effect is the leading factor that leads to global warming. The Greenhouse effect, as it is commonly known, refers to the consequences of the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p79). Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation from sunlight and in the process trap heat in the atmosphere. The production of greenhouse has increased in the recent past and this attributable to the pace of modernization. Fossil fuels are still being used in factories and vehicles, in spite being in the 21st century fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels increases the percentage of CO2 in the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p83). The increase in the percentage of Carbon (IV) Oxide leads to increased global warming. The sun emits ultraviolet radiation and the ozone layer shields us from this radiation. The layer is made up of Ozone (O3), which is very rare compared to other gases in the atmosphere (Faust, 2008, p21). Studies have found that increase global warming reduces the potency of the ozone layer of absorbing UV radiation. Global warming slowly increases the temperature of the Earth’s surface; thereby leading to a cold stratosphere. Reduced temperatures lead to the slower repairing of the layer exposing humans to dangerous UV radiation. This radiation causes cancer in both humans and animals (Faust, 2008, p34). Global warming has adverse effects that are hard to ignore. Furthermore, scientists forecast a bleak future for the human race if global warming is not reduced. Reducing the emission of greenhouse gases reduces global warming (Faust, 2008, p84). The

Human Performance Technology Model Essay Example for Free

Human Performance Technology Model Essay The journal I had chosen is â€Å"Minding the gap , identifying performances issues using the Human Performances Technology model (HPT) . † The purpose of this journal is to main a useful model for identifying and addressing employee performance issues in academic libraries , specifically in a Learning Commons . As we know , assessing and improving employee performance , especially library services are always challenging . However , HPT provides methods for evaluating human performances , such as the performance of employees at a service point , and , and provides method in fixing problems that are identified . Most of the time , training is always assumed solution for many performances issues , but HPT suggests that the training is not always the answer and provides a variety of the other solutions referred to intervention . The HPT model created by the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI , 2010 a ) was used to evaluate employee performance at the service point in a newly created Learning Commons . Various interventions are also discussed the address performances issues in libraries. The HPT model may help librarians create measurable performance indicators which can be used to set standard of performances for employees. This model is useful for a combination of student workers, paraprofessionals and librarians. The HPT model comes from field of HPT , which is the combination of education , psychology and business . So , HPT is the process of identifying and analyzing the gap between current performances ( where one is ) and ideal performance ( where one wants to be ) using various tools such as models . Closing the gap can be done through a recommend solution called an intervention. â€Å"Intervention† in HPT refers to a course of action taken to improve performance . Each stage of the HPT process helps one understand the behaviors of people in an organization and of the organization as a whole . HPT aims to analyze observable behaviour both individually and collectively. HPT ensures a through of a variety of areas within an organization in order to understand the performance gap. An analysis of values, norms, culture, structure, performance, and environment is recommended . Through an organization analysis , environmental analysis , gap analysis , can cause those who using HPT analysis determine the performance problem or opportunity . Without careful analysis , inappropriate intervention could be implemented . Intervention should be long term , evolutionary and progressive. Learning Commons in Randall Library at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW ) was using HPT model to evaluate employee performance. The Learning Commons provides a variety of hardware and software, a centralized service point is included in the middle of the Learning Commons. This service point staffed by librarians who are full time faculty members at UNCW and university’s Technology Assistance Center (TAC) student assistant who are hired to work part time at multiple service points , including the Learning Commons service point , in Randall Library . The primary user group of the Learning Commons is UNCW students . The learning Commons applied HPT after three months opens . The performances issues identified after three months after opening . While some performance issues may ‘work themselves out ‘ overtime , if using the HPT model early in the operation can identify the problems immediately and prevents the problems . Application of the model can helps to identify the root of the causes and helps pinpoint appropriate solution for those issues. An assumption that training is always the appropriate solution for all performances problems can be corrected using HPT . As noted in the HPT model , there are several phases of analysis which are performance analysis , organizational analysis , environmental analysis , gap analysis and cause analysis . A â€Å"cause analysis† follows the performance analysis helps to identify a â€Å"lack of environmental support† or a â€Å"lack of repertory behaviour†. â€Å"Intervention selection ,design , and development† follow all analysis phases . That is because after identify all the gaps or problems , then only can select the appropriate intervention to fix the problem . Main Body and Discussion Human Performance Technology (HPT ) is a systematic approach to improving productivity and competence , it is a strategy for solving problems and for realizing opportunities related to the performance of people . It uses a wide range of intervention to improve individual and organizational performance . There are three fundamental processes to go through . There are performance analysis ,cause analysis and intervention selection . It can be applied to individuals , small groups ,and large organizations . Without identified the causes of the issues , the appropriate intervention impossible to created . Learning Commons in Randall Library at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) was using HPT model to evaluate employee performance at the service point . First stage of the HPT model calls performance analysis . The â€Å"performance analysis† is to determine if a performance problem exists . A performance analysis includes an organizational analysis , an environmental analysis ,and a gap analysis . The first step in the performance analysis , the organizational analysis , calls for an examination of an organization ‘s vision , mission , values ,goals and strategies . It is important to define the boundaries of the organization before performing this phase in the model . It is useful to examine all departments or offices that closely related to the specific area under examination. The next component of HPT model is environmental analysis . The environmental analysis examines four important factors which are organizational environment, work environment, work, and the worker. In the HPT model, the â€Å"Work Environment† refers to the â€Å"resources, tools, human resources, and policies† of an organization, or in this case, of the Learning Commons. â€Å"Work† is described as â€Å"work flow, procedure, responsibilities, and ergonomics†. â€Å"Worker† refers to the â€Å"knowledge , skill , motivation , expectation and capacity† of an individual . The â€Å"Gap analysis† requires an examination of the actual performance versus the optimal , or desired performance . The information collected through the organizational and environmental analysis . The HPT model shows that the gap falls between the â€Å"Desired workforce performance† and the â€Å"Actual state of workforce performance†. It is important to identify the gaps , then analyze the causes of those gap happens. In Learning Commons , there has a temporary service desk was constructed , new furniture was not yet installed and a formal staff training program was not yet implemented . The performances of Learning Commons service was not optimal and causes a â€Å"gap† between optimal and desired performances . Next is causes analysis . As the HPT model suggests , after the performances gap was identified ,the â€Å"cause analysis† should be completed . The cause analysis can determine why the performance gap exists . Once a cause is identified, one or more interventions can be selected that will be able to close the performance gap . There are some causes for the performances issues . First , data , information and feedback . Initial training and communication of clear roles , responsibilities and expectations were not provided when the Learning Commons initially opened . Second , environment support , resources and tools . Detailed in Learning Commons employee did not exist . The conflict among workers will be happened . Third , consequences , incentives , reward . There were no consequences , incentives or rewards related to performance at the Learning Commons service point . Forth , skill and knowledge . A deficiency in general knowledge of the library services and the role of the librarians at the service point existed among TAC student assistants . Fifth , motivation and expectations . It is unclear what motivates Learning Commons employees and what they expect from themselves . After knowing the causes of the issues , intervention selection , design and development is needed . Closing the performances gap can be done through recommended solutions called interventions. HPT suggests that training is not always the appropriate solution because training will not solve issues related to motivation and expectation . However , an incentives and rewards will address motivation . There are some interventions existed after knowing the causes . There are job description intervention , document and standards intervention , training intervention , performance appraisal intervention . A job description specifically for employment in the Learning Commons would define each position’s duties , responsibilities , working conditions , and job activities , which would help employees understand their own job and the role of the other employees at the Learning Commons services point . Besides that , to remedy problems related to lack of information for job duties and procedures , the recommendation is a documents and standards intervention . The standard operating procedures(SOP) manual would include the job description , expectations , policies , guidelines , and procedures for each position at the service desk . Training intervention is training librarians and TAC students . Training employees would provide expectations for each employee . Performance appraisal intervention show staff that there will be consequences for poor performance and rewards for good performance . On the other hand , feedback should be encouraged in Learning Commons . Positive feedback should be provided and given from all the employees . Negative feedback is also important to correct everyday issues . After implemented all the intervention that suggested, must evaluate their success based on further analysis of performance . In my opinion , HPT is a very good tool to evaluate the individual performance or organizational performance . As we see the problems in Learning Commons , HPT had given a good solution for it in fixing the problem . HPT begins with a comparison of the of the present and the desired levels of individual and organizational performance to identify the performance gap. Once the performance gap and the causes have been determined, the appropriate interventions are designed and developed. These may include measurement and feedback systems, new tools and equipment, compensation and reward systems, selection and placement of employees, and training and development. The interventions are then implemented and the change process managed. After implemented all the intervention , The employees in Learning Commons will clear about their roles , responsibilities . At the same time , The Learning Commons is already providing to be a great resource at UNCW . HPT model must be applied cyclically and systematically over time to evaluate employee performance . However , I do not agree that HPT is always the best tool in solving problem . This is because it might identify wrong data or information during performance analysis . If it is wrong in the beginning of the process , inappropriate intervention might created . This will make the decision maker make the wrong decision . While doing wrong analysis , there might insert a high cost and it’s will be a waste of time if the analysis is wrong . Moreover , HPT has mentioned a few intervention to fix the problems . It’s hard to implement all those intervention at the same time . If cannot implement successfully , the more problem might exists . But if whole process is running smoothly , nonetheless , HPT is a very tool in solving problem . I had compared two models which are HPT model and ADDIE model . The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design model consisting of five phase which are analysis , design , development ,implementation and evaluation phase . There are a few similarities between HPT model and ADDIE model . They both use process of analysis to look the problem and seek for the solution as well . However , they have a key different between the model . The ADDIE model addresses the â€Å"gaps between desired outcomes or behaviours and the audience’s existing knowledge and skills†. The ADDIE models mainly focus on the individual needs and then design and develop objectives and processes help the individual . Evaluation and implementation do not just happened at the end of the design and development . They are ongoing to inform the designer . So if there any changes, the necessary solution can be made quickly . The HPT model is different because it more focus on the causes of â€Å"performance† gap . The success of the organization is depend on its employees . HPT will look what causes the employees unable to perform the job . HPT’s goal is to increase the bottom line of the company by increasing the individual’s ability to perform the job . In addition , it is important that the HPT is look â€Å" what caused the problem† ,while the ADDIE model looks at â€Å" solving the problem exists † . HPT model design seem to also behaviourist approach because the focus is more changing individual behaviour . The HPT model will look at evaluation of the problem and how it was addressed long after the process . The HPT model has its own advantages . In my view , because HPT model is focused on how the people perform on the job . In my opinion , the workers or the people of the organization is the assets for its organization . So , the performance of the individual affect overall success of the organization . This model takes many variables into the account , that there will affect performance . It humanizes the work place because the individuals are allowed to address their problems. At the same time , it may be necessary to provide training course if the individual unable to perform the work is because of lacking information or unknowledgeable . Beside that , HPT model never ignore the reward or motivation . If they have a good performance , incentive or reward will be given to motivate the employees . Every model has its own disadvantages as well , disadvantage I see is how the technologist ensures lifelong working and the successful using the collected information. Because they wait a while before evaluating. It would seem to me that the worker would want to know immediately if they are doing better so that changes can be made more quickly. Feedback is so important to workers feeling successful and competent. If there is too much focus on negative feedback, it may have a negative impact on the individual. Where as in the ADDIE model, the worker’s deficiencies or the causes problems are not the major focus, and you get feedback at various stages rather than only at the end of the process. If I were a human resource professional in any area , I would use HPT model . As I was also a worker before , I see that would be beneficial for all the subordinates or primary worker . If workers feel supported, they’ll do better than if they’re not supported. It provides a guide to helping individuals be successful in their work. I think someone who feels successful and competent in their work is more likely to suffer less burn out than those individuals who have no one in their corner to mentor or help them solve whatever issue is keeping them from doing their best on the job. I might also use HPT when talking to friends or children about getting jobs and being successful on the job. I can apply it to my own career and be my own trouble shooter as well as look for solutions. This puts a little more power over what I do in my hands because at least I would know that I can change me to help the organization do its job better too. On the other hand , as I mentioned employees are a part of assets of the organization . I think it is the responsibility of the human resource department to choose an appropriate system of performance appraisal . Effective appraisal system motivate the employees all the time rather than joining training . Conclusion In conclusion, HPT model has been described as the systematic and systemic identification and removal of barriers to individual and organizational performance. Nonetheless ,HPT model is an effective tool for uncovering performance issues . The model can be applied to any area in the library where employees must perform and is not limited to public service . In any new service , some performance issues may â€Å" work themselves out† overtime while some may not . In some cases , problems left unidentified or unsolved , it may be quite difficult to fix after an extended period of time . It is same like our daily habit or problems , if a parent identified that a child is beginning to pick up a bad habit , it is certainly easier to change the child’s behaviour when the parent first notices their child’s behaviour . If the parents did not take action to stop their child in the beginning , it is hard to stop their child after maintain a long bad habit . Similarity to any other service , if identify the problems early , then can find out the causes and fix it as fast as possible . The model does require extensive analysis . Without this analysis , a full picture cannot be taken , assumption will be made , and issues or problems cannot be identified . Optimal employee performance is critical in any organization . From the journal , Learning Commons in UNCW is using human performance technology (HPT ) . It is a library . With libraries needing to demonstrate their value and provide assessment data and administration . The HPT model serves as one more useful tool for libraries to accomplish this . I had read a journal , which is about ADDIE model and I had also compared both ADDIE and HPT model . I found that there have many similarities . But when I go deeper for the journal , I found that there is a big differences . ADDIE model focus more on training building program , while in HPT model , training is only one of the tool . HPT model is not only useful in organization , but also useful for every individual . If did not find out the causes properly , a appropriate solution is impossible to created .

Analysis of Characters of Chaucer and Austen Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Characters of Chaucer and Austen Essay In contrast, during the Hanoverian period during which Austen lived, society was based on the material possessions of an individual (or their future inheritance), family connections, and marriage. Chaucer outlines his time period through his characters: the church body through the Friar, and the working class through the Plowman. Likewise, Austen uses her protagonist, Mrs. Bennet, to mock how people of her own social class behaved during her era. Chaucer uses the Friar to demonstrate the immoral nature of the church during his time. One of the groups of people that Chaucer satirizes is the clergy. Amongst them, he attacks the character of the Friar as corrupt and dishonest. Historical evidence shows that friars were more often than not very corrupt and schemed to obtain worldly goods such as money. Many friars â€Å"came under wider criticism for worldliness and immorality† (Christianity†¦). They acted as if they had no money, but were in actuality living a fairly luxurious life. Chaucer compares the coat of Hubert, the Friar, to that of â€Å"a lord or like a pope. Of double worsted was his semi-cope† (Chaucer 8). Hubert was also â€Å"rounded like a bell†, indicating that he had enough food to eat, and did not necessarily have to beg for sustenance (8). Once at the house of a crippled man, the Friar asks for food. Now, dame, said he then, je vous dis, sans doute, Had I of a fat capon but the liver, And of your soft white bread naught but a sliver, And after that a pigs head well roasted (Save that I would no beast for me were dead), Then had I with you plain sufficiency. I am a man of little gluttony. My spirit has its nourishment in the Bible†. (313) This statement by the Friar epitomizes the relationship of the common people to those of the church at this time: while pretending to not have or need a lot, the clergy will steal from the lower class. â€Å"[The Friar] uses his position in the church to get money† (The Frior†¦). The middle class however, does not mistrust the church body as shown by the Plowman. In contrast to the corrupt church, Chaucer demonstrates the honesty and piousness of the middle class through the Plowman during the Post-Classical period*. Even though the church was trying to extract money and goods from his class, the Plowman â€Å"paid his taxes, fully, fairly, well, / Both by his own toil and by stuff he’d sell†, meaning that he trusted the church and was honest (Chaucer 15). â€Å"Chaucer here negates the commonly held perception of the peasant’s supposed hatred of the church† (FREE study†¦). Chaucer writes that the Plowman was a good Christian follower as he uses the two greatest commandments to describe the Plowman: â€Å"He loved God most, and that with his whole heart/ †¦ / And next, his neighbor, even as himself (Chaucer 15). The Plowman also â€Å"[lived] in peace and perfect charity†, another allusion to the teachings of Jesus Christ as written in the Bible. Another example of his piousness is shown when Chaucer writes that â€Å"[he’d] thresh and dig, with never thought of pelf, / For Christ’s own sake, for every poor wight, / All without pay, if it lay in his might† (15). The fact that the Plowman did not think of pelf, or money gained in a dishonest way, shows how he was not materialistic like the clergy. Chaucer also states that the Plowman would work (without thinking of gaining money) for the sakes of Jesus Christ and those poor, and less fortunate without receiving money. Although people of this period could live while not thinking about money for the sake of charity, money was one of the main focuses for people, especially women, in Jane Austen’s time. Austen demonstrates through her character, Mrs. Bennet, the narrow-mindedness of women of this era. Jane Austen was born into a family of the landed gentry: a social rank consisting of landowners who did not have to work, and could live solely off the rent income. Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, was written about those in this social class, and their interaction with others in society. Mrs. Bennet directly personifies the women of her time as â€Å"she [had] five daughters, and finding them husbands [was] ‘the business of her life’† (Reef 88). â€Å"[Marriage] was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune † (Austen 106). As Mrs. Bennet was very much occupied with seeing her daughters married, she â€Å"seemed incapable of fatigue while enumerating the advantages of the match† (124). This match refers to her eldest daughter possibly getting married to a man who has recently rented a house near Mrs. Bennet’s own and was â€Å"so rich† (124). From today’s standpoint, this point of view and way of living seems very materialistic, it is actually a very practical way to think for this time period. As property at this time was only passed down to male heirs, it is very understandable that Mrs. Bennet was so focused on marrying her daughters off to rich men because she and her husband (Mr. Bennet) had five daughters and no sons. This meant that the family property and money would go to a male cousin once Mr. Bennet died, and the females of the family would be turned out onto the streets. Another example of the time being reflected by Mrs. Bennet is the fact that she took her daughters to balls. Balls were common social events and a place where many women went for entertainment and in hope that they might find a husband. Because they learned from their mother, Mrs. Bennet’s daughters â€Å"[talked] of nothing but soldiers and balls† (Reef 90). Popular culture was also reflected through Austen’s character. Both Austen’s character (Mrs. Bennet) and Chaucer’s characters (the Friar, Hubert, and the Plowman) use traits of how different people acted in different times to show an in-depth picture of society at that time. It is through writing that readers and historians alike can catch a glimpse of what the social order looked like at the time. This thought provokes the following question: Which author(s) will the future generations read and what will they tell us about our society?